How to Begin Implementing a VANET Projects Using NS3

To start executing a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) project utilising NS3 that encompasses to replicate the interaction among vehicles and infrastructure, which concentrate on mobility, routing, and performance parameters. Here’s a comprehensive mechanism to get started with VANET project:

Steps to Begin Implementing a VANET Projects in NS3

Step 1: Understand VANET Concepts

What is VANET?
- VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network) allows interaction among the vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I).
Key Technologies:
- 802.11p (WAVE): It has dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) for V2X communication.
- Routing Protocols: AODV, DSR, or VANET-specific routing protocols.
- Mobility Models: Replicate the realistic vehicular movement.
Use Cases:
- Autonomous vehicle coordination.
- Traffic management.
- Collision avoidance.

Step 2: Install and Configure ns3

Download ns3:
- We must install and download the new version of NS3 on the machine.
Enable Necessary Modules:
- Make sure that essential components like wifi, wave, mobility, and internet modules are allowed:

./waf configure –enable-modules=wave,wifi,mobility,point-to-point,internet

./waf build

Verify Installation:
- Execute an example script for confirming the installation:

./waf –run wave-simple

Step 3: Define the Project Scope

Scenario:
- V2V communication occurs within urban or highway settings.
- V2I communication including roadside units (RSUs).
Metrics:
- Throughput, latency, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead are performance parameters.
Applications:
- Safety messages, multimedia streaming, or navigation assistance.

Step 4: Set Up Network Topology

Create Nodes:
- Describe the nodes with vehicles and roadside units:

NodeContainer vehicles, rsus;

vehicles.Create(10); // 10 vehicles

rsus.Create(2); // 2 roadside units

Set Up Mobility:
- Set up realistic vehicle mobility model:

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(vehicles);

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vehicles.GetN(); ++i) {

Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> cvmm = vehicles.Get(i)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();

cvmm->SetPosition(Vector(i * 10.0, 0.0, 0.0));

cvmm->SetVelocity(Vector(20.0, 0.0, 0.0)); // Speed: 20 m/s

}

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(rsus);

Step 5: Configure VANET Communication

802.11p (WAVE):
- Configure WAVE devices for V2X communication:

YansWifiChannelHelper waveChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWavePhyHelper wavePhy = YansWavePhyHelper::Default();

wavePhy.SetChannel(waveChannel.Create());

QosWaveMacHelper waveMac = QosWaveMacHelper::Default();

WaveHelper waveHelper = WaveHelper::Default();

NetDeviceContainer vehicleDevices = waveHelper.Install(wavePhy, waveMac, vehicles);

NetDeviceContainer rsuDevices = waveHelper.Install(wavePhy, waveMac, rsus);

Routing Protocols:
- We can set up a routing protocol such as AODV, DSDV:

AodvHelper aodv;

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.SetRoutingHelper(aodv);

stack.Install(vehicles);

stack.Install(rsus);

Assign IP Addresses:
- Set up IP addressing:

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(vehicleDevices);

ipv4.Assign(rsuDevices);

Step 6: Add VANET Applications

Broadcast Safety Messages:
- Make use of WaveNetDevice for transmitting safety messages:

ApplicationContainer safetyApps;

WaveBsmHelper waveBsm;

waveBsm.Install(vehicleDevices, Seconds(1.0), Seconds(10.0), 50, “10.1.1.255”, 80);

Traffic Applications:
- Integrate the unicast or multicast traffic applications:

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(rsus.Get(0));

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.1”), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(vehicles.Get(0));

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Custom Applications:
- Prolong the custom Application for executing custom VANET logic.

Step 7: Enable Tracing and Monitoring

Enable PCAP Tracing:
- Seizure packets to debug:

wavePhy.EnablePcap(“vanet”, vehicleDevices.Get(0));

FlowMonitor:
- Accumulate performance indicators utilising FlowMonitor:

FlowMonitorHelper flowMonitor;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowMonitor.InstallAll();

Step 8: Run the Simulation

Schedule Simulation:
- Describe the simulation duration and execute the simulation:

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

Analyze Results:
- Make use of trace files or FlowMonitor output for performance estimation.

Step 9: Example: Simple VANET Simulation

Below is an instance script for VANET simulation:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/wave-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {