How to Begin Implementing a LTE Projects Using NS3

To stimulate an estimate a LTE project in ns-3 includes the replicate a LTE networks, it contains the eNodeBs (base stations), UEs (user equipment), are the main network. Below is a detailed step-by-step guide to help you get started.

Steps to Begin Implementing a LTE Projects Using NS3

Step 1: Understand LTE Network Basics

1. LTE Components:
   • eNodeB: Base station which linked the UEs for LTE network.
   • UE: User Equipment such as smartphones or IoT devices.
   • EPC (Evolved Packet Core): Contains the main network elements such as SGW, PGW, and MME.
2. Use Cases:
   • Performance analysis for LTE.
   • It replicates the handover.
   • Incorporate the LTE by other networks for sample WiFi.
3. Metrics:
   • It offers the parameter metrices like as throughput, latency, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ.

Step 2: Install ns-3 and LTE Module

1. Download ns-3:
   • Get the latest version of ns-3 from the official website.
2. Enable LTE and Required Modules:
   • Assure the LTE module and dependencies are enabled:

./waf configure –enable-modules=lte,point-to-point,internet,mobility

./waf build

1. Verify Installation:
   • Process for the LTE sample script:

./waf –run lte-simple

Step 3: Define the Project Scope

• Scenarios:
  • Single cell LTE network by multiple UEs.
  • Handover among their several eNodeBs.
  • LTE and WiFi offloading.
• Goals:
  • It calculates the network performance below various congestion loads.
  • Examine the impact of mobility on handover.
• Metrics:
  • It provides the performance based on the parameter metrices such as throughput, latency, packet delivery ratio, and SINR.

Step 4: Set Up the Network Topology

1. Create Nodes:
   • Describe the eNodeBs and UEs:

NodeContainer ueNodes, enbNodes;

ueNodes.Create(5);  // 5 UEs

enbNodes.Create(1); // 1 eNodeB

1. Set Up Mobility:
   • It allocate the mobility for nodes:

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(enbNodes);

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWalk2dMobilityModel”,

“Bounds”, RectangleValue(Rectangle(-50, 50, -50, 50)));

mobility.Install(ueNodes);

Step 5: Configure LTE Components

1. Create LTE Helper:
   • Configure the LTE and EPC helpers:

Ptr<LteHelper> lteHelper = CreateObject<LteHelper>();

Ptr<PointToPointEpcHelper> epcHelper = CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper>();

lteHelper->SetEpcHelper(epcHelper);

1. Install eNodeBs:
   • Enhance the eNodeB devices for a base stations:

NetDeviceContainer enbLteDevices = lteHelper->InstallEnbDevice(enbNodes);

1. Install UEs:
   • Improve the UE devices for user equipment:

NetDeviceContainer ueLteDevices = lteHelper->InstallUeDevice(ueNodes);

1. Assign IP Addresses:
   • It can use the EPC for allocate the IP addresses:

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(ueNodes);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer ueIpInterfaces = epcHelper->AssignUeIpv4Address(NetDeviceContainer(ueLteDevices));

1. Attach UEs to eNodeBs:
   • Link the UEs for the close eNodeB:

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ueNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

lteHelper->Attach(ueLteDevices.Get(i), enbLteDevices.Get(0));

}

Step 6: Add Applications

1. Install Applications on UEs:
   • Enhance the congestion generators for sample UDP, TCP in UEs:

uint16_t dlPort = 1234;

ApplicationContainer clientApps, serverApps;

UdpServerHelper dlServer(dlPort);

serverApps.Add(dlServer.Install(ueNodes.Get(0)));

UdpClientHelper dlClient(ueIpInterfaces.GetAddress(0), dlPort);

dlClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));

dlClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(0.01)));

dlClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

clientApps.Add(dlClient.Install(enbNodes.Get(0)));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

1. Install Applications on eNodeBs:
   • It setting the server-side applications is necessary.

Step 7: Enable Tracing and Monitoring

1. Enable PHY and MAC Tracing:
   • It assure the log PHY and MAC layer actions:

lteHelper->EnablePhyTraces();

lteHelper->EnableMacTraces();

1. Enable FlowMonitor:
   • It gather the data for performance of metrics:

FlowMonitorHelper flowMonitor;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowMonitor.InstallAll();

1. Enable PCAP Tracing:
   • Seizure the packets for debugging in PCAP:

p2p.EnablePcapAll(“lte-packets”);

Step 8: Run the Simulation

1. Schedule Simulation:
   • Describe the replication duration for scheduling:

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

1. Analyze Results:
   • Use the outcomes for logs and trace files in estimate the performance.

Step 9: Example Script for LTE Simulation

Here’s a basic script for a simple LTE simulation:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/lte-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-helper.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

NodeContainer ueNodes, enbNodes;

ueNodes.Create(5);

enbNodes.Create(1);

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(enbNodes);

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWalk2dMobilityModel”,

“Bounds”, RectangleValue(Rectangle(-50, 50, -50, 50)));

mobility.Install(ueNodes);

Ptr<LteHelper> lteHelper = CreateObject<LteHelper>();

Ptr<PointToPointEpcHelper> epcHelper = CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper>();

lteHelper->SetEpcHelper(epcHelper);

NetDeviceContainer enbLteDevices = lteHelper->InstallEnbDevice(enbNodes);

NetDeviceContainer ueLteDevices = lteHelper->InstallUeDevice(ueNodes);

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(ueNodes);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer ueIpInterfaces = epcHelper->AssignUeIpv4Address(NetDeviceContainer(ueLteDevices));

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ueNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

lteHelper->Attach(ueLteDevices.Get(i), enbLteDevices.Get(0));

}

uint16_t port = 1234;

UdpServerHelper server(port);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = server.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpClientHelper client(ueIpInterfaces.GetAddress(0), port);

client.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));

client.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(0.01)));

client.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = client.Install(enbNodes.Get(0));

clientApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Step 10: Extend and Customize

1. Handover Simulation:
   • Enhance the numerous eNodeBs and replicate the UE mobility.
2. QoS Management:
   • Execute the management for QoS flows in VoIP or video traffic.
3. LTE-Advanced Features:
   • The advanced features are replicate the carrier aggregation or MIMO.

In the end, we clearly learned about how the network LTE implement and evaluate the network traffic using the ns3 tool and also provide the more information about the network LTE