How to Begin Implementing a Cognitive Radio Network using ns3

To create an execution of Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) project using NS3 has includes their replicate a dynamic spectrum access in which the cognitive radio nodes sense and utilize available spectrum opportunistically. Below is a step-by-step guide to help you begin:

Steps to Begin Implementing a Cognitive Radio Network projects using ns3

Step 1: Understand Cognitive Radio Networks

1. Key Concepts:
   • Spectrum Sensing: It finding the accessible spectrum holes such as unused frequencies).
   • Spectrum Decision: Choose for enhance the spectrum in communication.
   • Spectrum Sharing: Co-existing by primary users such as licensed users.
   • Spectrum Mobility: Switching for new spectrum after a primary user reclaims the band.
2. Components:
   • Primary Users (PUs): The primary users are the licensed users for a spectrum band.
   • Secondary Users (SUs): Cognitive radios which assign the spectrum opportunistically.
3. Performance Metrics:
   • It is utilizing the spectrum.
   • Interference for the primary users.
   • It delivers the performance of parameter metrices throughput, delay, and energy usage.

Step 2: Set Up NS3 Environment

1. Download NS3:
   • Install NS3 from the official website.
2. Enable Cognitive Radio Modules:
   • Use or improve the custom components for spectrum sensing, decision-making, and mobility.
   • NS3 does not have a select the CRN component, so extensions or custom executions can be required.
3. Verify Installation:
   • Process for the sample scripts for assures which NS3 tool is installed correctly.
4. Tools for Visualization:
   • Install NetAnim or PyViz for envision the node behavior.

Step 3: Design the CRN

1. Define Network Topology:
   • The amount of primary users, secondary users, and base stations such as if applicable.
   • The network topology for Static or dynamic node placement.
2. Spectrum Model:
   • Require the spectrum bands and their availability design.
3. Cognitive Radio Behaviors:
   • Apply the sensing procedures for instance energy detection, matched filtering.
   • Enhance the decision-making logic for select the spectrum.
4. Traffic Model:
   • Express the data congestion for together primary and secondary users.

Step 4: Implement CRN in NS3

1. Create Nodes:
   • Use the node NodeContainer for build a primary users, secondary users, and base stations.
2. Configure Wireless Communication:
   • Use the setting YansWifiPhyHelper and YansWifiChannelHelper for the wireless environment.
   • Describe the broadcast models for sample LogDistancePropagationLossModel.
3. Add Cognitive Radio Functionality:
   • Spectrum Sensing: Apply the custom sensing logic for finding the available channels.
   • Spectrum Decision: Improve the procedures for choose enhance for accessible channel.
   • Spectrum Mobility: Maintain the channel switching after the primary users reclaim the spectrum.
4. Install Applications:
   • Use applications such as UdpEchoApplication or OnOffApplication for create congestion for primary and secondary users.

Step 5: Simulate and Trace

1. Set Simulation Time:
   • Use Simulator::Stop() for set the replication of duration.
2. Enable Tracing:
   • Use the enable like AsciiTrace or PcapTrace for log network actions.
   • Execute the custom logging for cognitive radio decisions.
3. Run the Simulation:
   • Use the process Simulator::Run() for implement the replication.

Step 6: Analyze Results

1. Collect Data:
   • Excerpt the performance of metrices such as spectrum utilization, interference, and throughput.
2. Visualize Results:
   • Use the tool NetAnim for node-level envisions.
   • Plot the graph for performance metrics using tools like Python (Matplotlib) or MATLAB.
3. Optimize Parameters:
   • Research by sensing duration, channel switching time, and SU traffic load.

Step 7: Document and Present

1. Prepare Documentation:
   • Save the preparation for documentation of settings, outcomes, and key observations.
2. Present Findings:
   • Use the detection of graphs, charts, and tables for demonstrate the outcomes.

Example NS3 Script for CRN

Simulating Basic CRN Behavior

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

// Step 1: Create nodes

NodeContainer primaryUsers, secondaryUsers;

primaryUsers.Create(3);  // 3 Primary Users

secondaryUsers.Create(5); // 5 Secondary Users

// Step 2: Configure wireless channel and PHY

YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(channel.Create());

// Step 3: Configure WiFi MAC and devices

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211g);

WifiMacHelper mac;

Ssid ssid = Ssid(“CRN-Simulation”);

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”,

“Ssid”, SsidValue(ssid));

NetDeviceContainer primaryDevices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, primaryUsers);

NetDeviceContainer secondaryDevices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, secondaryUsers);

// Step 4: Set mobility for nodes

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“0|100”),

“Y”, StringValue(“0|100”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(primaryUsers);

mobility.Install(secondaryUsers);

// Step 5: Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(primaryUsers);

internet.Install(secondaryUsers);

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(primaryDevices);

address.Assign(secondaryDevices);

// Step 6: Install traffic applications

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9); // Port 9

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(primaryUsers.Get(0));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.1”), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(0.5)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(secondaryUsers.Get(0));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Step 7: Enable tracing

phy.EnablePcap(“crn”, secondaryDevices);

// Step 8: Run simulation

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

CRN Project Ideas

1. Spectrum Sensing Algorithms:
   • It associates the energy findings and same filtering for spectrum sensing.
2. Dynamic Spectrum Access:
   • Study the performance of distributes the dynamic spectrum approaches.
3. Interference Management:
   • Estimate the effect of secondary users in performance for the primary user.
4. Mobility Management:
   • Examine the effect of node for mobility in the spectrum handoff.
5. Energy Efficiency:
   • Apply the energy-efficient spectrum sensing mechanisms.

Tools and Resources

• Visualization:
  • Use the tool NetAnim designed for envision the node behavior and spectrum decisions.
  • It can use the tool MATLAB or Python for study the performance of parameter metric.
• Extensions:
  • Discover the custom for CRN extensions or integrate external spectrum sensing procedures.
• Research Papers:
  • Examine the cognitive radio for replication method in deeper insights.

In this simulation we had successfully learned how to implement the Cognitive radio network in ns3 tools that dynamic spectrum access in which the cognitive radio nodes sense. We will detail the approach taken to conduct the Cognitive radio network in various simulations.