How to Begin Implement UAV Based VANET Projects in NS3

To stimulate a UAV-based VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) project using NS3 includes the replicate incorporation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) by traditional vehicular networks. UAVs can perform as relay nodes, coordinators, or further resources to enhance the communication in dynamic vehicular surroundings.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

Steps to Begin Implementing a UAV Based VANET Projects Using NS3

1. Understand UAV-based VANET Concepts

• Key Components:
  • Vehicles: Nodes are signifying the cars, trucks, etc., forming a VANET.
  • UAVs: Flying nodes are performs as the relays or coordinators.
  • Communication Modes:
    • Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
    • Vehicle-to-UAV (V2U)
    • UAV-to-UAV (U2U)
• Use Cases:
  • Traffic organization.
  • Emergency communication in ranges with poor structure.
  • Real-time data gathering and processing.

2. Set up NS3 Environment

• Install NS3.
• Familiarize yourself with the following modules:
  • Wifi Module: Aimed at the wireless communication.
  • Mobility Module: Intended for replicate the UAV and vehicular actions.
  • Internet Module: we deliver the TCP/IP communication.
  • Applications Module: Intended for congestion generation.

3. Define Project Objectives

• Examples:
  • It is used the UAVs as relays for enhance the network coverage.
  • Examine the latency and throughput for dynamic vehicular environments.
  • Estimate the routing protocols such as AODV, DSDV in a hybrid UAV-VANET setting.

4. Design the UAV-VANET Topology

• Vehicles:
  • Generate the mobile nodes demonstrate the vehicles.
• UAVs:
  • It builds nodes by mobility models representing UAVs.
• Communication:
  • Use the tool Wi-Fi or other wireless communication protocols for node communication.

5. Basic UAV-VANET Simulation

Here’s an sample of setting up a UAV-VANET environment:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/aodv-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

// Create nodes for vehicles and UAVs

NodeContainer vehicles;

vehicles.Create(10); // 10 vehicles

NodeContainer uavs;

uavs.Create(3); // 3 UAVs

// Configure mobility for vehicles

MobilityHelper vehicleMobility;

vehicleMobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);

vehicleMobility.Install(vehicles);

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vehicles.GetN(); ++i) {

Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> mobility = vehicles.Get(i)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();

mobility->SetVelocity(Vector(20.0, 0.0, 0.0)); // Vehicles moving in a straight line

}

// Configure mobility for UAVs

MobilityHelper uavMobility;

uavMobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, DoubleValue(50.0),

“DeltaX”, DoubleValue(100.0),

“DeltaY”, DoubleValue(50.0),

“GridWidth”, UintegerValue(3),

“LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

uavMobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

uavMobility.Install(uavs);

// Configure Wi-Fi

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211p);

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

// Install Wi-Fi on vehicles and UAVs

NetDeviceContainer vehicleDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, vehicles);

NetDeviceContainer uavDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, uavs);

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(vehicles);

internet.Install(uavs);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(vehicleDevices);

ipv4.Assign(uavDevices);

// Set up routing

AodvHelper aodv;

Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper staticRouting;

Ipv4RoutingHelperList routingList;

routingList.Add(aodv, 10);

routingList.Add(staticRouting, 0);

// Create applications for data communication

uint16_t port = 8080;

OnOffHelper onOff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.1”), port));

onOff.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“5Mbps”));

onOff.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer vehicleApps = onOff.Install(vehicles.Get(0));

vehicleApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

vehicleApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

PacketSinkHelper sink(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), port));

ApplicationContainer uavApps = sink.Install(uavs.Get(0));

uavApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

uavApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

6. Enhance the Simulation

• Routing Protocols:
  • Associate the several types of ad-hoc routing protocols for sample AODV, DSDV, OLSR.
• Mobility Models:
  • Use further realistic components such as Gauss-Markov for UAVs and SUMO for vehicles.
• Dynamic Role Assignment:
  • It ensures the UAVs have performed the dynamic relays according to the network environments.

7. Performance Metrics

• Throughput:
  • Calculate the data transmission percentage among vehicles and UAVs.
• Latency:
  • Estimate the delays for communication among vehicles.
• Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR):
  • Evaluate the reliability for message delivery.
• Energy Efficiency:
  • Examine the power usage for UAVs and vehicles.

8. Advanced Features

• Load Balancing:
  • Apply the load balancing with several UAVs.
• Multi-UAV Collaboration:
  • Replicate the UAV association for encompass the coverage.
• Security:
  • Enhance encode for replicate the secure communication among vehicles and UAVs.
• Machine Learning Integration:
  • Use the model for machine learning in predictive mobility and dynamic routing.

9. Visualization and Analysis

• Use the tool NetAnim for envisions the node actions and communication.
• Examine the performance of metrics by Python or MATLAB for deeper insights.

10. Extensions

• IoT Integration:
  • For associate the VANET by IoT devices for smart city environment.
• Emergency Scenarios:
  • It replicates the UAV-assisted communication in disaster recovery.
• Energy Optimization:
  • Establish the energy-aware communication protocols for UAVs.

The above simulation process was conducted by using ns3 to evaluate, visualized and assess the performance for UAV-based Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks projects in detailed manner. Further valuable insights regarding the UAV-based Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks project will also be provided if required.