How to Begin Implement UAS based VANET projects in ns3

To create an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)-based Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) project in NS-3 tool involves the replicate a hybrid network in which the UAS and vehicles cooperate for communication. Below is a structured guide:

Steps to Begin Implementing a UAS based VANET projects using ns3

1. Understand UAS-based VANETs

Important features of UAS-based VANETs:

• Hybrid Nodes: Collaboration for ground vehicles and UAS nodes such as encompass the coverage.
• Dynamic Topology: The nodes are actions in dynamically, needing robust communication protocols.
• Applications: It delivers the application for Traffic management, emergency response, or vehicular communication in remote areas.

2. Define Project Objectives

Decide on specific goals for your project:

• It replicates the collaboration between UAS and vehicles for message relaying.
• Estimate the performance metrics such as throughput, latency, and packet delivery ratio.
• Routing protocols for validate the optimized for VANETs for isntance AODV, DSR, OLSR.

3. Install and Set Up NS-3

• Install NS-3 from the official website.
• Familiarize by:
  • Mobility Module: we replicate the actions design for UAS and vehicles.
  • Ad Hoc Routing Protocols: it contains the several routing protocol such as AODV, DSR, or OLSR.
  • Wireless Modules: These components are concluding the Wi-Fi (802.11p) or LTE for communication.

4. Design the UAS-based VANET Architecture

Key Components:

1. UAS Nodes: Flying nodes perform as relays.
2. Ground Vehicles: The nodes are communicating by every other or UAS.
3. Routing Protocols: Designed for multi-hop communication.
4. Mobility Models: Dynamic actions for UAS and vehicles.

5. Implement the Simulation

Step A: Create Nodes

Build a separate node containers for vehicles and UAS.

NodeContainer vehicleNodes, uasNodes;

vehicleNodes.Create(10); // 10 vehicles

uasNodes.Create(3);      // 3 UAS nodes

Step B: Configure Communication Links

1. Set Up Wi-Fi for UAS and Vehicles:
   • Use 802.11p for VANET communication.

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211p);

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer vehicleDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, vehicleNodes);

NetDeviceContainer uasDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, uasNodes);

Step C: Install Internet Stack

Install the Internet stack and a routing protocol such as AODV.

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(vehicleNodes);

stack.Install(uasNodes);

AodvHelper aodv;

stack.SetRoutingHelper(aodv);

It allocate the IP addresses for all nodes.

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer vehicleInterfaces = ipv4.Assign(vehicleDevices);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer uasInterfaces = ipv4.Assign(uasDevices);

Step D: Configure Mobility Models

1. Ground Vehicle Mobility:
   • Use a predefined road design or arbitrary mobility.

MobilityHelper vehicleMobility;

vehicleMobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);

vehicleMobility.Install(vehicleNodes);

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vehicleNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> mobility = vehicleNodes.Get(i)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();

mobility->SetVelocity(Vector(20.0, 0.0, 0.0)); // 20 m/s along the X-axis

}

1. UAS Mobility:
   • Uses a 3D mobility model for UAS.

MobilityHelper uasMobility;

uasMobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomBoxPositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Z”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=50.0|Max=200.0]”));

uasMobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);

uasMobility.Install(uasNodes);

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < uasNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> mobility = uasNodes.Get(i)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();

mobility->SetVelocity(Vector(10.0, 10.0, 0.0)); // 10 m/s diagonally

}

Step E: Add Traffic Applications

1. Install Traffic Source on Vehicles:
   • Use tool such as OnOffApplication for replicate the data exchange.

OnOffHelper onOff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(vehicleInterfaces.GetAddress(1), 9));

onOff.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“1Mbps”));

onOff.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer senderApps = onOff.Install(vehicleNodes.Get(0)); // Vehicle 0 sends traffic

senderApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

senderApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

1. Install Traffic Sink on UAS or Other Vehicles:
   • Uses the tool PacketSink for receive congestion.

PacketSinkHelper packetSink(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 9));

ApplicationContainer sinkApps = packetSink.Install(vehicleNodes.Get(1)); // Vehicle 1 receives traffic

sinkApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

sinkApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

6. Configure Simulation Parameters

Set the replication duration and implementation.

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(15.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

7. Evaluate Performance

1. Metrics to Analyze:
   • Packet delivery ratio: Estimate the rate of successfully delivered packets.
   • Latency: Calculate the delay in communication.
   • Throughput: It examines the data rate.
2. Export Results:
   • Use logging or custom scripts for transfer the outcomes analysis.
3. Visualization:
   • Use tool like NetAnim for envision the packet flow.
   • It transfers the logs for more analysis in Python or MATLAB.

8. Advanced Features

1. Routing Protocols:
   • It associates the performance of AODV, DSR, or OLSR in UAS-based VANETs.
2. Interference:
   • It replicates the interference or collisions among wireless nodes.
3. Dynamic Task Assignment:
   • Apply the load balancing for communication forwarding the challenges with UAS nodes.
4. Realistic Mobility:
   • It used the SUMO or custom mobility designs for realistic vehicle trajectories.

Sample Complete Code Framework

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main() {

// Create Nodes

NodeContainer vehicleNodes, uasNodes;

vehicleNodes.Create(10); // 10 vehicles

uasNodes.Create(3);      // 3 UAS nodes

// Configure Wi-Fi

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211p);

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer vehicleDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, vehicleNodes);

NetDeviceContainer uasDevices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, uasNodes);

// Install Internet Stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(vehicleNodes);

stack.Install(uasNodes);

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer vehicleInterfaces = ipv4.Assign(vehicleDevices);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer uasInterfaces = ipv4.Assign(uasDevices);

// Configure Mobility

MobilityHelper vehicleMobility;

vehicleMobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);

vehicleMobility.Install(vehicleNodes);

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vehicleNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> mobility = vehicleNodes.Get(i)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();

mobility->SetVelocity(Vector(20.0, 0.0, 0.0));

}

MobilityHelper uasMobility;

uasMobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomBoxPositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Z”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=50.0|Max=200.0]”));

uasMobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantVelocityMobilityModel”);

uasMobility.Install(uasNodes);

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < uasNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

Ptr<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel> mobility = uasNodes.Get(i)->GetObject<ConstantVelocityMobilityModel>();

mobility->SetVelocity(Vector(10.0, 10.0, 0.0));

}

// Traffic Applications

OnOffHelper onOff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(vehicleInterfaces.GetAddress(1), 9));

onOff.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“1Mbps”));

onOff.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer senderApps = onOff.Install(vehicleNodes.Get(0));

senderApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

senderApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

PacketSinkHelper packetSink(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 9));

ApplicationContainer sinkApps = packetSink.Install(vehicleNodes.Get(1));

sinkApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

sinkApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Run Simulation

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(15.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

As we discussed earlier about how to communicate and exchange the information in other vehicle scenarios and also we learn how to optimize the network connectivity in UAS based VANET circumstances using the ns3. We intend to expand on how the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) based Vehicular Ad hoc Network is performed in other simulation circumstance.