How to Begin Implement Network Scalability in ns3

To implement and examine Network Scalability in ns-3, follow these steps. Network scalability suggest on how efficiently a network performs as the number of nodes, congestion, or size of the network improvements.

Steps to Begin Implement Network Scalability in ns3

1. Understand Network Scalability

Scalability is estimated according to their network:

• Performance Metrics:
  • Throughput: The total data has forwarded successfully.
  • Latency: Time taken designed for a packet to reach the destination.
  • Packet Loss: Ratio of packets is stopped.
  • Routing Overhead: Control traffic creates as the network improvements.
• Scalability Factors:
  • Number of nodes.
  • Traffic intensity.
  • Topology size.

2. Set up Your Environment

Assure the environment has ns-3 is installed. Use the components such as Point-to-Point, Wi-Fi, or LTE dependent on the replication environment.

3. Design a Scalable Topology

Example: Multi-Hop Linear Topology

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(50); // Create 50 nodes

PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;

pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Mbps”));

pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

// Connect nodes in a linear chain

NetDeviceContainer devices;

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nodes.GetN() – 1; ++i) {

devices.Add(pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(i), nodes.Get(i + 1)));

}

4. Install the Internet Stack

Ensure the routing protocols for handle the increasing number of nodes:

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

// Use a routing protocol suitable for scalability tests

AodvHelper aodv; // Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector

stack.SetRoutingHelper(aodv);

5. Generate Traffic

Install applications for replicate the congestion in scalability analysis.

Example: UDP Traffic

ApplicationContainer serverApps, clientApps;

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(nodes.GetN() – 1)); // Last node as the server

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Generate traffic from multiple clients

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { // First 10 nodes as clients

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(nodes.GetN() – 1), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(1000));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(0.01))); // 10ms interval

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));    // 1KB packets

clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(i));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

}

6. Monitor Performance Metrics

Throughput

FlowMonitor to use the measure throughput:

FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

monitor->CheckForLostPackets();

Ptr<Ipv4FlowClassifier> classifier = DynamicCast<Ipv4FlowClassifier>(flowmon.GetClassifier());

std::map<FlowId, FlowMonitor::FlowStats> stats = monitor->GetFlowStats();

for (auto& flow : stats) {

double throughput = flow.second.rxBytes * 8.0 / (flow.second.timeLastRxPacket.GetSeconds() – flow.second.timeFirstTxPacket.GetSeconds());

std::cout << “Flow ” << flow.first << ” Throughput: ” << throughput / 1e6 << ” Mbps\n”;

}

Latency

Amount of average delay for every flow:

for (auto& flow : stats) {

double avgDelay = flow.second.delaySum.GetSeconds() / flow.second.rxPackets;

std::cout << “Flow ” << flow.first << ” Average Delay: ” << avgDelay * 1e3 << ” ms\n”;

}

Packet Loss

Compute the percentage of lost packets:

for (auto& flow : stats) {

double packetLoss = static_cast<double>(flow.second.txPackets – flow.second.rxPackets) / flow.second.txPackets * 100.0;

std::cout << “Flow ” << flow.first << ” Packet Loss: ” << packetLoss << “%\n”;

}

7. Analyze Routing Overhead

Trace routing control packets for estimate the overhead:

uint32_t routingPackets = 0;

void CountRoutingPackets(Ptr<const Packet> packet) {

routingPackets++;

}

Config::ConnectWithoutContext(“/NodeList/*/ApplicationList/*/$ns3::UdpEchoClient/Tx”, MakeCallback(&CountRoutingPackets));

8. Enable Tracing

ASCII and PCAP Tracing

Build records for specific study:

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;

pointToPoint.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(“scalability_test.tr”));

pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll(“scalability_test”);

XML Animation

Envision for the network activity and scalability in NetAnim:

AnimationInterface anim(“scalability_test.xml”);

9. Experiment with Parameters

• Node Density: Number of nodes for improves the network topology.
• Traffic Load: It replicates the concentration for several congestion designs.
• Routing Protocols: Associate the scalability with protocols such as OLSR, AODV, and DSDV.
• Topology Size: Encompass the network zone or number of hops.

10. Run the Simulation

It execute for the detecting outcomes:

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

In the above script, we had completely evaluated and analysed the information for compile the simulation to transmit and receive the nodes buy using the network scalability features that executed in ns3 and should you have any queries about this project, suggest the refer to additional manual.