How to Begin Implement Network Lifetime in NS3

To begin implementing and analysing the Network Lifetime within ns3, we can follow these comprehensive steps. Network Lifetime is a crucial metric, which is specifically utilised within wireless networks that estimates the time while waiting for the initial node or a specific rate of nodes exhausts their energy. Below is a step-by-step guide to get started:

Steps to Begin Implement Network Lifetime in NS3

1. Understand Network Lifetime

Network Lifetime in NS3 based on:

• Energy consumption of nodes which helps to send, inherit, idle, and sleep states.
• Traffic patterns: Observe how frequently nodes broadcast or receive the information.
• Energy models: It is used for designing energy utilization and energy sources.

2. Set Up Your Environment

Make sure we have installed ns3 on the system and working properly. We can get more knowledge about ns3’s Energy Framework.

3. Create the Network Topology

Example: Wireless Topology

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(10); // Create 10 nodes

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“DeltaX”, DoubleValue(50.0),

“DeltaY”, DoubleValue(50.0),

“GridWidth”, UintegerValue(5),

“LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(channel.Create());

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211n);

WifiMacHelper mac;

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, nodes);

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

4. Integrate the Energy Framework

Add Energy Source

Insert an energy source to every single node. Make use of BasicEnergySource to design energy levels:

BasicEnergySourceHelper energySourceHelper;

energySourceHelper.Set(“BasicEnergySourceInitialEnergyJ”, DoubleValue(100.0)); // Initial energy in Joules

EnergySourceContainer energySources = energySourceHelper.Install(nodes);

Add Device Energy Model

Append an energy utilization model to the network devices:

WifiRadioEnergyModelHelper radioEnergyHelper;

radioEnergyHelper.Set(“TxCurrentA”, DoubleValue(0.017)); // Transmission current in Amperes

radioEnergyHelper.Set(“RxCurrentA”, DoubleValue(0.013)); // Reception current in Amperes

radioEnergyHelper.Set(“IdleCurrentA”, DoubleValue(0.001)); // Idle current in Amperes

DeviceEnergyModelContainer deviceModels = radioEnergyHelper.Install(devices, energySources);

5. Install Applications to Generate Traffic

Example: UDP Traffic

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(0));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(100.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(100));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(0.5))); // 0.5-second interval

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(9)); // Last node sends traffic

clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(100.0));

6. Monitor Energy Levels

Observe the balance energy of every single node for computing the network lifetime.

Callback to Monitor Energy

void EnergyDepletionCallback(Ptr<BasicEnergySource> source) {

std::cout << “Node ” << source->GetNode()->GetId()

<< ” depleted energy at ” << Simulator::Now().GetSeconds() << “s\n”;

}

void SetupEnergyCallbacks(EnergySourceContainer energySources) {

for (auto it = energySources.Begin(); it != energySources.End(); ++it) {

Ptr<BasicEnergySource> source = DynamicCast<BasicEnergySource>(*it);

source->TraceConnectWithoutContext(“RemainingEnergy”,

MakeCallback(&EnergyDepletionCallback));

}

}

Add callback:

SetupEnergyCallbacks(energySources);

7. Calculate Network Lifetime

Network lifetime is normally described by time once the initial node executes via energy, or when a particular rate of nodes reduce its energy. Record the depletion times utilising callback.

8. Analyze Results

Record the simulation outcomes:

• Once initial node exhausts their energy to analyze the time.
• Examine time when a particular rate of nodes that exhaust the energy.
• Transfer outcomes into a file using the tools such as MATLAB or Excel for fraphical analysis.

9. Visualize the Simulation

Envision the node simulation activity using NetAnim:

AnimationInterface anim(“network_lifetime.xml”);

10. Experiment and Optimize

• Modify first energy levels:

energySourceHelper.Set(“BasicEnergySourceInitialEnergyJ”, DoubleValue(50.0));

• In the application, fine-tune transmission intervals or packet sizes.
• Experiment various energy patterns such as LTE, custom.

11. Run the Simulation

Execute the simulation and then monitor the network lifetime:

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

12. Extend the Analysis

• Execute more advanced sleep-wake approaches to store energy for nodes.
• Focus on impact of routing protocols at energy utilization.
• Replicate the heterogeneous energy patterns for various nodes.

This guide simplifies implementing and examining the Network Lifetime through clear stepwise instructions and sample coding using NS3 simulation tool. Furthermore, we will give detailed explanation regarding this topic in upcoming tool.