How to Begin Implement Network Coverage Percentage in NS3

To implement network coverage percentage in NS-3 tools has measure the ratio of the area covered through network nodes for instance Wi-Fi, cellular, or sensor nodes to the total area of interest. This can be applied the environment such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cellular networks, or Wi-Fi deployments.

Here’s how to begin implementing network coverage percentage in NS-3:

Steps to Begin Implement Network Coverage Percentage in NS3

Step 1: Understand Coverage Calculation

1. Key Concepts:
   • Node Coverage: A circular part around every node has established through its transmission range.
   • Total Area: The replication zones are completed.
   • CoveragePercentage:Coverage Percentage=Total Covered AreaSimulation Area×100\text{Coverage Percentage} = \frac{\text{Total Covered Area}}{\text{Simulation Area}} \times 100Coverage Percentage=Simulation AreaTotal Covered Area​×100
2. Challenges:
   • It has overlapping the coverage of zones should not be double-counted.
   • Precise the range calculation for irregular or large networks.

Step 2: Define the Problem Scope

• Define the kind of network for instance WSN, Wi-Fi, or cellular.
• Used the node mobility or fixed locations.
• Choose the difficulties for sample buildings will impact the coverage.

Step 3: Create a Coverage Calculation Module

Header File (coverage-percentage.h)

#include “ns3/node-container.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-model.h”

#include <set>

class CoverageCalculator {

public:

CoverageCalculator ();

virtual ~CoverageCalculator ();

void SetSimulationArea (double width, double height);

void AddNode (ns3::Ptr<ns3::Node> node, double range);

double CalculateCoveragePercentage ();

private:

struct Circle {

double x, y, radius;

};

double m_width;       // Width of the simulation area

double m_height;      // Height of the simulation area

std::vector<Circle> m_coverageCircles; // Coverage areas of nodes

double CalculateUnionArea ();

bool Overlap (const Circle& c1, const Circle& c2);

};

Implementation File (coverage-percentage.cc)

Constructor and Area Setup

CoverageCalculator::CoverageCalculator () : m_width(0), m_height(0) {}

CoverageCalculator::~CoverageCalculator () {}

void CoverageCalculator::SetSimulationArea (double width, double height) {

m_width = width;

m_height = height;

}

Add Nodes and Their Coverage Areas

void CoverageCalculator::AddNode (ns3::Ptr<ns3::Node> node, double range) {

ns3::Ptr<ns3::MobilityModel> mobility = node->GetObject<ns3::MobilityModel>();

double x = mobility->GetPosition().x;

double y = mobility->GetPosition().y;

Circle coverageCircle = {x, y, range};

m_coverageCircles.push_back(coverageCircle);

}

Calculate Coverage Percentage

double CoverageCalculator::CalculateCoveragePercentage () {

double coveredArea = CalculateUnionArea();

double totalArea = m_width * m_height;

return (coveredArea / totalArea) * 100.0;

}

Calculate Union of Circles (Basic Approximation)

We can use Monte Carlo replication or grid-based approximations for irregular zones:

double CoverageCalculator::CalculateUnionArea () {

double gridSize = 1.0; // Adjust for accuracy

double coveredPoints = 0;

double totalPoints = 0;

for (double x = 0; x < m_width; x += gridSize) {

for (double y = 0; y < m_height; y += gridSize) {

bool isCovered = false;

for (const auto& circle : m_coverageCircles) {

double dx = x – circle.x;

double dy = y – circle.y;

if (dx * dx + dy * dy <= circle.radius * circle.radius) {

isCovered = true;

break;

}

}

if (isCovered) {

coveredPoints++;

}

totalPoints++;

}

}

return coveredPoints * gridSize * gridSize;

}

Circle Overlap Function (Optional for Optimizations)

bool CoverageCalculator::Overlap (const Circle& c1, const Circle& c2) {

double dx = c1.x – c2.x;

double dy = c1.y – c2.y;

double distanceSquared = dx * dx + dy * dy;

double radiusSum = c1.radius + c2.radius;

return distanceSquared <= radiusSum * radiusSum;

}

Step 4: Integrate with an NS-3 Simulation

Example Simulation Script

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “coverage-percentage.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(10);

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

CoverageCalculator coverageCalculator;

coverageCalculator.SetSimulationArea(100.0, 100.0);

double communicationRange = 20.0; // Example range

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nodes.GetN(); ++i) {

coverageCalculator.AddNode(nodes.Get(i), communicationRange);

}

double coverage = coverageCalculator.CalculateCoveragePercentage();

std::cout << “Network Coverage Percentage: ” << coverage << “%” << std::endl;

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Step 5: Compile and Run

1. Build the Simulation:

./waf configure

./waf build

1. Run the Simulation:

./waf –run your-script

Step 6: Analyze and Extend

1. Accuracy Improvements:
   • Used the advanced procedures in geometric designed for detailed union calculations.
   • Implement the grid-based or Monte Carlo techniques for faster replications.
2. Dynamic Scenarios:
   • Integrate the node mobility and recalculate the coverage completed time.
   • Replicate the dynamic range variations because of environmental factors.
3. Visualization:
   • Utilized their tools like Gnuplot to envision coverage ranges.
   • Distribute the coverage of data for post-simulation study.
4. Advanced Features:
   • Enhance the impacts of difficulties or intrusion on coverage.
   • Incorporate through routing protocols for examine the connectivity.

Overall, here we discussed the basic knowledge about how to implement the network coverage percentage in ns3 framework and furthermore we suggest and deliver all categories of network coverage enhance that perform in diver simulation scenarios.