How to Begin Implement Leach Routing in NS3

To create a LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) routing in NS3 tool includes the model for hierarchical routing protocol generally used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). LEACH enhances the energy usage through organizing nodes in clusters, by one node perform as the cluster head (CH) responsible for aggregating and forwarding the data for base station (BS).

Here’s a step-by-step guide to implement LEACH in NS-3:

Steps to Begin Implement Leach Routing in NS3

Step 1: Understand LEACH Basics

1. Key Features:
   • Clustering: Nodes are gathered in clusters.
   • Cluster Heads: CHs aggregate data and transmit the Base Station.
   • Rotation: CH parts switch to duration for balance energy consumption.
   • Phases:
     • Setup Phase: Clusters and CHs are created in the setting level.
     • Steady-State Phase: Data is forwarded in clusters.
2. Challenges:
   • Assure the balanced energy usage.
   • It maintenance for dynamic topologies and node failures.

Step 2: Set Up NS-3

1. Install NS-3:

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git

cd ns-3-dev

./ns3 configure –enable-examples –enable-tests

./ns3 build

1. Verify Installation: Run a sample script:

./ns3 run examples/tutorial/first

Step 3: Plan LEACH Implementation

1. Core Components:
   • Cluster Formation: Nodes are selected the CHs according to probability or remaining energy.
   • Data Aggregation: From cluster members for CHs gathers and aggregate the data.
   • Communication: CHs sending the aggregated data to the Base Station.
2. Workflow:
   • Setting the Stage:
     • Elect CHs.
     • Create the clusters through propagation CH commercials.
   • Steady-State Level:
     • Forwarding the data from cluster followers for CHs.
     • Base Station for the advancing aggregated data.

Step 4: Implement LEACH in NS-3

Step 4.1: Define the LEACH Protocol Class

Encompass the class for Ipv4RoutingProtocol:

#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”

#include “ns3/socket.h”

#include <map>

#include <vector>

using namespace ns3;

class LeachRouting : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol {

public:

static TypeId GetTypeId(void);

LeachRouting();

virtual ~LeachRouting();

virtual Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput(Ptr<Packet> packet, const Ipv4Header &header,

Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) override;

virtual bool RouteInput(Ptr<const Packet> packet, const Ipv4Header &header,

Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb,

MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb,

ErrorCallback ecb) override;

void StartSetupPhase();

void StartSteadyStatePhase();

private:

void ElectClusterHeads();

void FormClusters();

void TransmitData();

void ForwardAggregatedData();

std::map<Ipv4Address, bool> m_clusterHeads; // CH status of each node

std::map<Ipv4Address, Ipv4Address> m_clusterMembers; // Member -> CH mapping

Ptr<Socket> m_socket;

};

Step 4.2: Implement Core LEACH Functions

• Cluster Head Election: Elect CHs according to probability or remaining energy.

void LeachRouting::ElectClusterHeads() {

double threshold = 0.1; // Example threshold for CH election

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < GetNode()->GetNDevices(); ++i) {

if (Rand() % 100 < threshold * 100) {

Ipv4Address nodeAddress = GetNode()->GetObject<Ipv4>()->GetAddress(i, 0).GetLocal();

m_clusterHeads[nodeAddress] = true;

}

}

}

• Cluster Formation: Nodes are connecting the closer CH through propagation CH commercials.

void LeachRouting::FormClusters() {

for (auto &ch : m_clusterHeads) {

if (ch.second) { // If node is a CH

// Broadcast CH advertisement

Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet>();

m_socket->SendTo(packet, 0, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address(“255.255.255.255”), 9999));

}

}

// Nodes join nearest CH

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < GetNode()->GetNDevices(); ++i) {

Ipv4Address nodeAddress = GetNode()->GetObject<Ipv4>()->GetAddress(i, 0).GetLocal();

if (!m_clusterHeads[nodeAddress]) { // If node is not a CH

// Choose nearest CH

Ipv4Address nearestCh;

double minDistance = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();

for (auto &ch : m_clusterHeads) {

if (ch.second) {

double distance = CalculateDistance(nodeAddress, ch.first); // Assume a helper function

if (distance < minDistance) {

nearestCh = ch.first;

minDistance = distance;

}

}

}

m_clusterMembers[nodeAddress] = nearestCh;

}

}

}

• Data Transmission: Cluster associates the transmitting data for CHs, and CHs advancing the aggregated data in base station.

void LeachRouting::TransmitData() {

for (auto &member : m_clusterMembers) {

Ptr<Packet> dataPacket = Create<Packet>(100); // Example data size

Ipv4Address chAddress = member.second;

m_socket->SendTo(dataPacket, 0, InetSocketAddress(chAddress, 9999));

}

}

void LeachRouting::ForwardAggregatedData() {

for (auto &ch : m_clusterHeads) {

if (ch.second) { // If node is a CH

Ptr<Packet> aggregatedData = Create<Packet>(200); // Example aggregated data size

Ipv4Address bsAddress = Ipv4Address(“10.0.0.1”); // Assume BS address

m_socket->SendTo(aggregatedData, 0, InetSocketAddress(bsAddress, 9999));

}

}

}

• Setup and Steady-State Phases:

void LeachRouting::StartSetupPhase() {

ElectClusterHeads();

FormClusters();

}

void LeachRouting::StartSteadyStatePhase() {

TransmitData();

ForwardAggregatedData();

}

Step 5: Integrate LEACH into NS-3

Step 5.1: Register the Protocol

Register the protocol by NS-3’s TypeId system:

TypeId LeachRouting::GetTypeId(void) {

static TypeId tid = TypeId(“ns3::LeachRouting”)

.SetParent<Ipv4RoutingProtocol>()

.SetGroupName(“Internet”)

.AddConstructor<LeachRouting>();

return tid;

}

Step 5.2: Add to Simulation

Incorporate the protocol for a replication script:

#include “ns3/internet-stack-helper.h”

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(10); // Create 10 nodes

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“DeltaX”, DoubleValue(10.0),

“DeltaY”, DoubleValue(10.0),

“GridWidth”, UintegerValue(5),

“LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

InternetStackHelper stack;

Ptr<LeachRouting> leach = CreateObject<LeachRouting>();

stack.SetRoutingHelper(leach);

stack.Install(nodes);

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Step 6: Test and Debug

1. Enable Logging: Use NS-3’s logging system:

export NS_LOG=”LeachRouting=level_all|prefix_time”

./ns3 run my-simulation

1. Verify Behavior:
   • Validate the cluster creation.
   • Track the data aggregation and communication.

Step 7: Extend and Optimize

1. Enhancements:
   • Execute the energy-aware CH election.
   • Increase the help for dynamic node failure handling.
2. Performance Testing:
   • Examine the energy usage, data latency, and network duration.

Each example is personalized to a diverse type of network or application scenario, showing the resilience of LEACH routing in numerous network environments in ns3 tool. If you need more details on any of these projects, feel free to ask!