How to Begin Implement an AODV Protocol in NS3

To execute the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol using NS3 environment, we will need to replicate a network in which AODV manages routing. NS3 has an inherent execution of AODV which is a portion of their routing module, creating it straightforward to configure and experiment the AODV within diverse network scenarios.

Below is a simplified mechanism on how to begin executing and testing the AODV protocol in ns3:

Steps to Begin Implement an AODV Protocol in NS3

1. Understand AODV Protocol

• Key Features:
  • Reactive routing: Routes are determined on request.
  • It utilises the Route Request (RREQ) and Route Reply (RREP) messages for path detection.
  • Sequence numbers confirm the loop-free and current routes.
• Simulation Goals:
  • Experiment the AODV within mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).
  • Measure the performance parameters such as throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio.

2. Set Up ns3 Environment

1. Install ns3:

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git

cd ns-3-dev

./build.py

1. Confirm the installation:

./ns3 run hello-simulator

3. Plan the Network Topology

• Components:
  • Mobile nodes are associating within an ad hoc wireless network.
  • Traffic generators such as UDP or TCP applications.
• Topology:
  • Mimic dynamic node movement to leverage a random mobility design.

4. Write the Simulation Script
5. Include Necessary Headers

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/aodv-helper.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

1. Define Nodes

ns3::NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(10);  // 10 mobile nodes

1. Set Up Mobility

ns3::MobilityHelper mobility;

// Random waypoint mobility model

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=5.0|Max=20.0]”),

“Pause”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=2.0]”),

“PositionAllocator”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”));

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Y”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”));

mobility.Install(nodes);

1. Set Up Wi-Fi Communication

ns3::WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(ns3::WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211g);

ns3::WifiMacHelper mac;

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

ns3::WifiPhyHelper phy = ns3::WifiPhyHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(ns3::YansWifiChannelHelper::Default().Create());

ns3::NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, nodes);

1. Install AODV Routing

ns3::AodvHelper aodv;

ns3::InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.SetRoutingHelper(aodv);  // Set AODV as the routing protocol

internet.Install(nodes);

1. Assign IP Addresses

ns3::Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ns3::Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

5. Generate Traffic

UDP Traffic

// UDP Echo server on node 0

ns3::UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ns3::ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(0));

serverApp.Start(ns3::Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(ns3::Seconds(20.0));

// UDP Echo client on node 9

ns3::UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, ns3::UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, ns3::TimeValue(ns3::Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, ns3::UintegerValue(512));

ns3::ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(9));

clientApp.Start(ns3::Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(ns3::Seconds(20.0));

6. Run the Simulation

ns3::Simulator::Run();

ns3::Simulator::Destroy();

7. Analyze Results

Metrics:

• Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR):
  • Estimate the percentage of packets which are effectively distributed to its destination.
• End-to-End Delay:
  • Mesure the average duration attaining its destination for packets.
• Routing Overhead:
  • Compute the volume of control packets that are swapped in the course of route discovery.

Tracing and Visualization:

• Allow .pcap tracing for in-depth packet inspection:

ns3::AsciiTraceHelper ascii;

phy.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(“aodv.tr”));

phy.EnablePcapAll(“aodv”);

• Make use of NetAnim tools for visualization:

./waf –run “aodv-simulation –vis”

8. Iterate and Enhance

• Advanced Scenarios:
  • Experiment with higher mobility or denser networks.
  • Replicate the link failures for computing the retrieval time of AODV.
• Traffic Patterns:
  • Launch TCP traffic models or numerous simultaneous UDP streams.
• Parameter Tuning:
  • Test with AODV metrics such as ActiveRouteTimeout or HelloInterval.

9. Extending AODV

We will need to alter or prolong the behaviour of AODV within the ns3 source code:

1. Place the AODV execution within the src/aodv directory.
2. Fine-tune significant files:
   • aodv-routing-protocol.cc: Primary routing logic.
   • aodv-helper.cc: Helper to set up AODV within simulations.
3. Recompile ns3 after creating the modifications:

./waf

This process has covered the entire core concepts that are essential to understand the implementation and analysis of AODV Protocol using the NS3 simulation tool. We will ready to present the more record regarding to this protocol based on your requirements.