How to Begin Implement a Reactive Protocol in NS3

To stimulate a reactive routing protocol in ns3 has includes the using or customizing protocols such as AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), that are natively helps for ns-3. Reactive protocols detect the routes only after data wants to be transfer, protect the proactive route handle the overhead.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to implementing reactive routing protocols in ns-3:

Steps to Begin Implement a Reactive Protocol in NS3

1. Set up ns-3 Environment

1. Install ns-3:
   • Download and install ns-3 from the official site.
   • Validate the installation through processing a simple replication:/waf –run hello-simulator.
2. Enable Required Modules:
   • Enable the components such as aodv, dsr, internet, wifi, and mobility are involved in the ns3 build.

2. Define Network Objectives

1. Protocol Choice:
   • Use the network protocols for AODV or DSR.
   • AODV: Node-to-node discovery and maintenance for the route.
   • DSR: Source routing by the entire route for embedded in the packet header.
2. Performance Metrics:
   • Estimate the metrics such as latency, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and route overhead.

3. Set Up the Network Topology

1. Create Nodes:
   • Describe the nodes for ad hoc network.

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(10); // Create 10 nodes

1. Configure Wireless Links:
   • Use WifiHelper for built an ad hoc wireless network.

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);

1. Set Mobility:
   • Define node movement using MobilityHelper.

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=1.0|Max=20.0]”),

“Pause”, StringValue(“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=2.0]”));

mobility.Install(nodes);

1. Install Network Stack:
   • Enhance the internet stack for all nodes.

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(nodes);

4. Enable Reactive Routing Protocol

1. AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector):
   • Use AodvHelper for ensure the AODV on the network.

AodvHelper aodv;

Ipv4ListRoutingHelper list;

list.Add(aodv, 10); // Priority 10 for AODV

internet.SetRoutingHelper(list);

1. DSR (Dynamic Source Routing):
   • Use DsrHelper for DSR.

DsrHelper dsr;

DsrMainHelper dsrMain;

dsrMain.Install(dsr, nodes);

1. Assign IP Addresses:
   • Allocate the IP addresses for the nodes.

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices);

5. Install Applications

1. Simulate Traffic:
   • Use applications like for create congestion UdpEchoClient and UdpEchoServer.

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(9)); // Server at node 9

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.10”), 9); // Target server

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0))); // Send every second

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(0)); // Client at node 0

clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

1. Monitor Traffic:
   • Use the congestion PacketSink for study the received packets.

PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”,

InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 9));

ApplicationContainer sinkApps = sinkHelper.Install(nodes.Get(9));

sinkApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

sinkApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

6. Enable Tracing and Logging

1. PCAP Tracing:
   • Seizure the packet-level specifics for investigation.

wifiPhy.EnablePcapAll(“reactive-protocol”);

1. ASCII Tracing:
   • The performances of metrices are actions such as route requests, replies, and errors.

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;

wifiPhy.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(“reactive-protocol.tr”));

1. FlowMonitor:
   • Track and study the congestion parameter metrics like as throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio.

FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();

7. Run the Simulation

1. Start the Simulator:

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

1. Export Results:
   • Store the FlowMonitor outcomes for offline analysis.

monitor->SerializeToXmlFile(“reactive-protocol-results.xml”, true, true);

8. Analyze and Visualize Results

1. Traffic Analysis:
   • Use the tool PCAP or FlowMonitor data for estimate the protocol performance.
2. NetAnim Visualization:
   • Distribute the replication of data for envision the routing behavior in NetAnim.

AnimationInterface anim(“reactive-protocol.xml”);

9. Extend and Optimize

1. Dynamic Topology:
   • It replicate the frequent node mobility and estimate the protocol’s adaptability.
2. Energy Efficiency:
   • Integrate with energy models for assign the protocol’s performance in energy-constrained networks.
3. Scalability:
   • Improve the number of nodes for validate the protocol scalability.
4. Protocol Comparison:
   • Associate with AODV and DSR below same environment for examine their strengths and weaknesses.

Example Use Cases

• Ad Hoc Networks:
  • Validate the reactive routing in highly dynamic surroundings such as MANETs.
• Disaster Recovery:
  • Estimate the protocol performance for disrupted networks by limited structure.
• IoT Networks:
  • Use the IoT networks for reactive routing in efficient data transfer in low-power, lossy networks.

We had explicit the information about the simulation process regarding the reactive routing protocols projects that was simulated using the tool ns3. We design to elegant for the reactive routing protocols projects process in other simulation scenarios.