How to Begin Implement a 3D Underwater WSN in ns3

To create an execution of 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) in ns-3 needs replicate of the underwater environment, integrating the three-dimensional mobility and modeling acoustic communication. Then ns-3 does not natively help for UWSN, using the extensions such as Aqua-Sim is suggested for realistic underwater environment.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

Steps to Begin Implementing a 3D Underwater WSN Projects Using ns3

Step 1: Understand 3D Underwater WSN Concepts

What is 3D UWSN?
- A network of underwater sensor nodes which perform the three-dimensional environment, used for environmental tracking, military surveillance, or examine the oceanographic.
Challenges:
- Long broadcast delays for the acoustic transmission.
- Restrict the bandwidth and high energy usage.
- Dynamic mobility for the water currents.
Key Components:
- Underwater Nodes: The sensor nodes which action in 3D space.
- Sink Node: The data gathers from the sensor nodes.
- Acoustic Communication: Modeled for replicate the underwater signal broadcast.

Step 2: Install and Configure ns-3 with Aqua-Sim

Download ns-3:
- Install the latest version from nsnam.org.
Install Aqua-Sim:
- Aqua-Sim encompasses the ns-3 for underwater networks. Download Aqua-Sim and integrate it into ns-3.
Build ns-3 with Aqua-Sim:

./waf configure –enable-modules=aqua-sim

./waf build

Verify Installation:
- Run an Aqua-Sim example to confirm setup:

./waf –run aqua-sim-example

Step 3: Define the Project Scope

Scenario:
- It replicates the sensor node action in a 3D underwater space, gathering the data, and transfers the surface sink node.
Metrics:
- It delivers the performance parameter metrices Packet delivery ratio, latency, energy consumption, and coverage.

Step 4: Set Up a 3D Underwater Network Topology

Create Nodes:
- Describe the underwater sensor nodes in a sink:

NodeContainer underwaterNodes, sinkNode;

underwaterNodes.Create(10); // 10 sensor nodes

sinkNode.Create(1); // 1 sink node

Set Up 3D Mobility:
- Set-up the mobility models for 3D movement:

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWalk3dMobilityModel”,

“Bounds”, BoxValue(Box(-500, 500, -500, 500, -500, 0)));

mobility.Install(underwaterNodes);

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(sinkNode);

Configure Underwater Channel:
- Setting the underwater channel and signal broadcast:

Ptr<AquaSimChannel> channel = CreateObject<AquaSimChannel>();

channel->SetPropagation(CreateObject<AquaSimPropagation>());

Step 5: Configure Communication

Install Aqua-Sim Components:
- Enhance the PHY and MAC layers:

AquaSimPhyHelper phy = AquaSimPhyHelper::Default();

AquaSimMacHelper mac = AquaSimMacHelper::Default();

AquaSimHelper aquaSimHelper;

aquaSimHelper.SetChannel(channel);

aquaSimHelper.SetMac(mac);

aquaSimHelper.SetPhy(phy);

aquaSimHelper.Install(underwaterNodes);

Set Up Routing:
- Use the routing protocol such as VBF (Vector-Based Forwarding):

AquaSimRoutingHelper routingHelper;

routingHelper.SetRouting(“ns3::AquaSimVBF”);

Assign Addresses:
- Allocate the network addresses for nodes:

AquaSimAddressHelper addressHelper;

addressHelper.Assign(underwaterNodes);

Step 6: Add Traffic Applications

Data Generation:
- Organize the sensor nodes for build data:

AquaSimAppHelper appHelper(“ns3::AquaSimApp”);

appHelper.SetAttribute(“PktSize”, UintegerValue(100)); // Packet size in bytes

appHelper.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0))); // Packet interval

ApplicationContainer sensorApps = appHelper.Install(underwaterNodes);

sensorApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

sensorApps.Stop(Seconds(20.0));

Sink Application:
- Setting the sink node for receive data:

PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, Address());

ApplicationContainer sinkApp = sinkHelper.Install(sinkNode.Get(0));

sinkApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

sinkApp.Stop(Seconds(20.0));

Step 7: Enable Tracing and Monitoring

Enable Tracing:
- Log actions for debugging:

phy.EnablePcap(“3d-uwsn”, underwaterNodes.Get(0));

Enable Energy Monitoring:
- Monitor the energy usage for help via the module.
Use FlowMonitor:
- Gather the performance metrics:

FlowMonitorHelper flowMonitor;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowMonitor.InstallAll();

Step 8: Run the Simulation

Schedule Simulation:
- Express the time takes for replication:

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(20.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

Analyze Results:
- Estimate the performance for using the logs or FlowMonitor data.

Step 9: Example: Simple 3D UWSN Simulation

Here’s a simple sample script:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/aqua-sim-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {