How to Begin Implement a SPIN Protocol in NS3

To stimulate a Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) is a data-centric routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The SPIN efficiently disseminates information through negotiating the data replace and stop the redundant transmissions. Execute the SPIN in ns-3 needs for describe the protocol’s negotiation phases and ensuring proper routing in dynamic sensor network surroundings.

Here’s how to implement SPIN in ns-3:

Steps to Begin Implement a SPIN Protocol in NS3

1. Understand SPIN Protocol

• Key Features:
  • ADV (Advertisement): Nodes are advertising the accessible for data in Neighbors.
  • REQ (Request): Neighbors request data of interest.
  • DATA (Data Transmission): The node sends the requested data.
  • Energy-efficient through avoid an unnecessary transmission for data.
• Simulation Goals:
  • Implement and test the ADV, REQ, and DATA phases.
  • Estimate the energy efficiency and data dissemination performance.

2. Set up ns-3 Environment

1. Install ns-3:

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git

cd ns-3-dev

./build.py

1. Verify the installation:

./ns3 run hello-simulator

3. Plan the Network Topology

• Components:
  • Sensor nodes prepared the flat or grid topology.
  • Source node creating a data for dissemination.
  • Neighboring the nodes involved for detailed the data.
• Topology:
  • Nodes are located in arbitrarily or in a grid.

4. Implement the SPIN Protocol
5. Define the Protocol Class

1. Create a new class inheriting Ipv4RoutingProtocol:

#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”

#include “ns3/ipv4-route.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/simulator.h”

class SpinRouting : public ns3::Ipv4RoutingProtocol {

public:

SpinRouting();

virtual ~SpinRouting();

Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput(Ptr<Packet> packet, const Ipv4Header &header,

Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) override;

bool RouteInput(Ptr<const Packet> packet, const Ipv4Header &header,

Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb,

MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb,

ErrorCallback ecb) override;

void SendAdvertisement(Ptr<Packet> dataPacket);

void HandleAdvertisement(Ptr<Packet> packet);

void HandleRequest(Ptr<Packet> packet);

void SendData(Ptr<Packet> dataPacket);

private:

std::set<std::string> m_dataCache;  // Cache to store data IDs

};

1. Implement Protocol Phases:
   • ADV (Advertisement): Nodes advertise data availability to neighbor.
   • REQ (Request): Involved the neighbor request for detailed data.
   • DATA (Data Transmission): Data is transmitted for the requesting node.
2. Data Cache:
   • Use a cache (m_dataCache) for save the received data and avoids redundant transmissions.

1. Create a Helper Class

1. Define the Helper:

class SpinHelper : public ns3::Ipv4RoutingHelper {

public:

SpinHelper() {}

Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> Create(Ptr<Node> node) const override {

return CreateObject<SpinRouting>();

}

};

1. Integrate into Simulation Script:

SpinHelper spinHelper;

ns3::InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.SetRoutingHelper(spinHelper);

stack.Install(nodes);

5. Set Up the Simulation
6. Define Nodes

ns3::NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(10);  // Create 10 sensor nodes

1. Set up Mobility

1. Random Placement:

ns3::MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”),

“Y”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

1. Grid Placement (Optional):

ns3::MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, ns3::DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, ns3::DoubleValue(0.0),

“DeltaX”, ns3::DoubleValue(20.0),

“DeltaY”, ns3::DoubleValue(20.0),

“GridWidth”, ns3::UintegerValue(5),

“LayoutType”, ns3::StringValue(“RowFirst”));

mobility.Install(nodes);

1. Set up Wireless Communication

ns3::WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(ns3::WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211);

ns3::WifiMacHelper mac;

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

ns3::WifiPhyHelper phy = ns3::WifiPhyHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(ns3::YansWifiChannelHelper::Default().Create());

ns3::NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, nodes);

1. Assign IP Addresses

ns3::Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ns3::Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

6. Generate Traffic

Custom Application to Simulate Data Dissemination

1. Source Node:
   • Replicate the data generation through advertising data availability.
2. Neighbor Nodes:
   • Respond by REQ messages for data of interest.

UDP Traffic Example

// Source sends data

ns3::OnOffHelper onOff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, ns3::Address(ns3::InetSocketAddress(interfaces.GetAddress(1), 9)));

onOff.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, ns3::StringValue(“1Mbps”));

onOff.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, ns3::UintegerValue(512));

ns3::ApplicationContainer sourceApp = onOff.Install(nodes.Get(0));

sourceApp.Start(ns3::Seconds(1.0));

sourceApp.Stop(ns3::Seconds(10.0));

// Sink receives data

ns3::PacketSinkHelper sink(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, ns3::Address(ns3::InetSocketAddress(ns3::Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 9)));

ns3::ApplicationContainer sinkApp = sink.Install(nodes.Get(9));

sinkApp.Start(ns3::Seconds(1.0));

sinkApp.Stop(ns3::Seconds(10.0));

7. Run the Simulation

ns3::Simulator::Run();

ns3::Simulator::Destroy();

8. Analyze Results

Metrics:

• Data Dissemination Efficiency:
  • Calculate the percentage of nodes which received the data.
• Energy Consumption:
  • Estimate the energy consumption for advertisements, requests, and data transmissions.
• Latency:
  • Amount of duration taken for the data to reach all attracted nodes.

Tracing and Visualization:

• Enable tracing for check the packet .pcap:

ns3::AsciiTraceHelper ascii;

phy.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(“spin.tr”));

phy.EnablePcapAll(“spin”);

• Use the tool for envision like NetAnim:

./waf –run “spin-simulation –vis”

9. Iterate and Enhance

• Advanced Scenarios:
  • It replicates the node failures or mobility for estimate the robustness.
  • Validate by various node has densities in the network sizes.
• Optimization:
  • Apply the energy-aware mechanisms for decrease the redundant ADV/REQ packets.
• Protocol Comparison:
  • Associate the SPIN by flooding, AODV, or other WSN protocols.

At the end of this brief demonstration, you can get to know about the Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation with SPIN project and their simulation process including sample snippets and detailed explanation. Also, we can provide more information regarding Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation through another manual.