How to Begin Implement a Zone Protocol in NS3

To begin executing a Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) using NS3, we can configure a hybrid routing approach, which integrates proactive and reactive routing protocols. ZRP is intended for enhancing the routing within mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) by splitting the network to zones.

While ZRP isn’t have direct support in NS3, we will need to execute it by combining existing proactive such as OLSR and reactive like AODV routing protocols including custom zone-based logic.

Below is a sequential approach to get started:

Steps to Begin Implement a Zone Protocol in NS3

1. Set Up ns3 Environment

1. Install ns3:
   • We should download and install ns3 on the machine.
   • Make sure that we have set up by executing a basic instance script as ./waf –run hello-simulator.
2. Include Required Modules:
   • Verify all necessary modules such as olsr, aodv, internet, wifi, and mobility are contained within ns3 build.

2. Define Objectives for ZRP Implementation

• Proactive Zone (IntrAzone Routing Protocol, IARP):
  • Make use of proactive protocol like OLSR for routing in the zones.
• Reactive Zone (InterZone Routing Protocol, IERP):
  • Apply reactive protocol such as AODV for interaction among the zones.
• Zone Radius:
  • Depends on the volume of hops, describe the zone size.

3. Set Up the Network Topology

1. Create Nodes:
   • Make a network topology that contains nodes for the MANET.

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(20); // 20 nodes in the network

1. Configure Wireless Links:
   • Replicate an ad hoc wireless network with WifiHelper.

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);

1. Set Mobility:
   • Integrate mobility patterns for mimicking node movement.

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=1.0|Max=20.0]”),

“Pause”, StringValue(“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=2.0]”));

mobility.Install(nodes);

1. Install Network Stack:
   • Combine the internet stack of IP address to the nodes.

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(nodes);

4. Implement ZRP Logic
5. Define Zones:

• Describe a function, determining the zone radius as 2-3 hops per node.
• Handle intra-zone and inter-zone interaction to leverage Ipv4RoutingHelper.

2. Configure Proactive Protocol (IARP):

• Allow OLSR for proactive routing in the zones.

OlsrHelper olsr;

Ipv4ListRoutingHelper list;

list.Add(olsr, 10); // Priority 10 for OLSR

3. Configure Reactive Protocol (IERP):

• Allow AODV for reactive routing among the zones.

AodvHelper aodv;

list.Add(aodv, 20); // Priority 20 for AODV

internet.SetRoutingHelper(list);

4. Hybrid Routing:

• Improve custom logic for discovering whether a packet is routed according to the destination node’s zone utilizing IARP or IERP.

5. Install Applications

1. Simulate Traffic:
   • Replicate data transfer utilising UdpEchoServerHelper and UdpEchoClientHelper.

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(19)); // Server at node 19

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.20”), 9); // Target server

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0))); // Send every second

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(0)); // Client at node 0

clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

1. Monitor Traffic:
   • Make use of PacketSink for gathering and examining the received packets.

PacketSinkHelper sink(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”,

InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 9));

ApplicationContainer sinkApps = sink.Install(nodes.Get(19)); // Monitor at server

sinkApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

sinkApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

6. Enable Tracing

1. Ascii Tracing:
   • Allow comprehensive tracing for logging all routing events.

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;

wifiPhy.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(“zone-protocol.tr”));

1. PCAP Tracing:
   • Seize packets for in-depth investigation.

wifiPhy.EnablePcapAll(“zone-protocol”);

1. FlowMonitor:
   • Observe and examine the traffic flow.

FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();

7. Run the Simulation

1. Start the Simulation:

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

1. Export Results:
   • We must store FlowMonitor outcomes for offline analysis.

monitor->SerializeToXmlFile(“zone-protocol-results.xml”, true, true);

8. Analyze and Visualize Results

1. Analyze Metrics:
   • Measure performance parameters such as latency, packet delivery ratio, and routing overhead.
2. Visualize with NetAnim:
   • Transfer the simulation data into external tools like NetAnim for envisioning ZRP’s zone-based routing.

AnimationInterface anim(“zone-protocol.xml”);

9. Extend and Optimize

1. Dynamic Zone Radius:
   • Dynamically modify the zone radius according to the network conditions.
2. Energy Models:
   • Add energy constraints to estimate the effectiveness of ZRP within IoT networks.
3. Topology Changes:
   • Mimic node failures or mobility for analysing the flexibility of ZRP.

Example Use Cases

• Ad Hoc Networks:
  • Enhance the Ad Hoc network routing within dynamic MANETs.
• Disaster Recovery:
  • Sustain interaction to utilize ZRP in divided networks.
• IoT Networks:
  • We need to utilize ZRP in dense IoT deployments for effective routing.

You can obtain distinct knowledge through the implementation mechanism along with relevant sample snippets that useful to execute and examine the Zone Protocol in NS3 environment. If needed, we can offer another simulator or techniques for you.