How to Begin Implement a VANET Protocols in NS3

To begin executing Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) protocols using ns3 that has making a simulation environment which is customized for vehicular interaction scenarios. VANET are intended for dynamic and mobile networks that frequently used with vehicles like nodes. NS3 environment supports to construct blocks for executing and replicating the VANET protocols, and extensions such as SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) can be combined realistic vehicle mobility patterns. Below is a basic process to get started:

Steps to Begin Implement a VANET Protocols in NS3

1. Understand VANET Protocols

• Key Features:
  • It supports for high mobility and quickly modifying the network topology.
  • Allow vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) interaction.
• Examples of VANET Protocols:
  • AODV, DSR, OLSR: These routing protocols are modified from mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).
  • GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing): It is geographic-based routing.
  • DSDV: Proactive routing protocol for reliable updates.
• Simulation Goals:
  • Experiment the protocols in vehicular mobility.
  • Estimate the performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, latency, and routing overhead.

2. Set Up ns3 Environment

1. Install ns3:

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git

cd ns-3-dev

./build.py

1. Confirm the installation:

./ns3 run hello-simulator

1. Optional: We set up SUMO for realistic vehicle mobility.

sudo apt install sumo sumo-tools

3. Plan the VANET Network

• Components:
  • It has vehicles (nodes) including mobility patterns.
  • Infrastructure such as RSUs (Road-Side Units) for V2I interaction.
• Topology:
  • Describe the roads and intersections.
  • For dynamic node placement, we can utilize mobility patterns.

4. Set Up the VANET Environment
5. Include Necessary Headers

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/aodv-helper.h”  // Replace with other protocol helpers if needed

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

1. Create Nodes

ns3::NodeContainer vehicles;

vehicles.Create(10);  // Create 10 vehicle nodes

1. Set Up Mobility

1. Simple Random Mobility:

ns3::MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=10.0|Max=30.0]”),

“Pause”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0.0]”),

“PositionAllocator”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”));

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Y”, ns3::StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”));

mobility.Install(vehicles);

1. Using SUMO (Optional):
   • Transfer SUMO mobility traces and import them to NS3 with MobilityHelper.

1. Set Up Wireless Communication

ns3::WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(ns3::WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211p);  // Use 802.11p for vehicular networks

ns3::WifiMacHelper mac;

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

ns3::WifiPhyHelper phy = ns3::WifiPhyHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(ns3::YansWifiChannelHelper::Default().Create());

ns3::NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, vehicles);

5. Install the VANET Protocol

1. AODV Example:

ns3::AodvHelper aodv;

ns3::InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.SetRoutingHelper(aodv);  // Use AODV as the routing protocol

stack.Install(vehicles);

1. Other Protocols: Substitute AodvHelper to include:
   • OlsrHelper for OLSR.
   • DsrHelper for DSR.
   • DsdvHelper for DSDV.
   • Execute the custom geographic protocols such as GPSR as required.

6. Assign IP Addresses

ns3::Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ns3::Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

7. Generate Traffic

UDP Traffic

// UDP Echo server on node 0

ns3::UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ns3::ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(vehicles.Get(0));

serverApp.Start(ns3::Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(ns3::Seconds(20.0));

// UDP Echo client on node 9

ns3::UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, ns3::UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, ns3::TimeValue(ns3::Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, ns3::UintegerValue(512));

ns3::ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(vehicles.Get(9));

clientApp.Start(ns3::Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(ns3::Seconds(20.0));

8. Run the Simulation

ns3::Simulator::Run();

ns3::Simulator::Destroy();

9. Analyze Results

Metrics:

• Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR):
  • Estimate the rate of packets that are effectively distributed to the entire packet transmitted.
• End-to-End Delay:
  • Compute the average duration to attain its destination for packets.
• Routing Overhead:
  • During route discovery, measure the amount of control packets which are generated.

Tracing and Visualization:

• Allow .pcap tracing for packet inspection:

ns3::AsciiTraceHelper ascii;

phy.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(“vanet.tr”));

phy.EnablePcapAll(“vanet”);

• Make use of NetAnim or SUMO for envision:

./waf –run “vanet-simulation –vis”

10. Iterate and Enhance

• Advanced Scenarios:
  • Launch obstacles or urban layouts for replicating real-world conditions.
  • Integrate the RSUs for V2I interaction.
• Protocol Comparison:
  • Estimate the various protocols such as AODV, GPSR, and DSDV in same scenarios.
• Scalability:
  • Maximize the volume of nodes and then estimate the performance of protocol.
• Custom Protocol Development:
  • Execute a new VANET protocol by prolonging the Ipv4RoutingProtocol.

11. Custom VANET Protocol Implementation

To execute a new VANET protocol, we can:

1. Derive from Ipv4RoutingProtocol:
   • Execute the mechanisms such as RouteInput and RouteOutput.
2. Use Geographic Information (for GPSR):
   • We need to utilize node locations that are available from MobilityModel.
3. Install the Custom Protocol:

class CustomVanetHelper : public Ipv4RoutingHelper {

public:

Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> Create(Ptr<Node> node) const override {

return CreateObject<CustomVanetProtocol>();

}

};

CustomVanetHelper customVanet;

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.SetRoutingHelper(customVanet);

stack.Install(vehicles);

From this manual, we clearly known the execution process on how to implement and examine the VANET Protocols using examples within NS3 environment. If you desire advance insights on this subject, we will make available.